Difference between revisions of "Os05g0580500"

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The rice Os05g0580500 was reported as '''''Rad21/Rec8''''' <ref name="ref1"/> in 2006, by researchers from China
  
 
==Annotated Information==
 
==Annotated Information==
'''''Rad21/Rec8''''' is an important component and key regulator of cohesins. '''''OsRAD21-4''''', a '''''RAD21'''''-like gene from rice Zhonghua 10 (Oryza sativa L. ssp.japonica), is a single-copy gene in the rice genome and essential for efficient meiosis.<ref name="1">1.<nowiki>Zhang L, Tao J, Wang S, et al. The rice OsRad21-4, an orthologue of yeast Rec8 protein, is required for efficient meiosis[J]. Plant molecular biology, 2006, 60(4): 533-554.</nowiki></ref>
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===Gene Symbol===
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*'''''Os05g0580500''''' '''<=>''' '''''OsRAD21-4, OsREC8, OsRad21-4, REC8'''''
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===Function===
 
===Function===
'''''OsRad21-4''''' is composed of 20 exons and 19 introns.<ref name="1">1.<nowiki>Zhang L, Tao J, Wang S, et al. The rice OsRad21-4, an orthologue of yeast Rec8 protein, is required for efficient meiosis[J]. Plant molecular biology, 2006, 60(4): 533-554.</nowiki></ref> It encodes a relatively hydrophilic protein and contains the entire Pfam04825 and Pfam04824 domains (spanning amino acids 1–115 and 554–608, respectively) (Figure 2A), of which Pfam04825 is highly conserved in all known members and Pfam04824 present in most of the '''''Rad21/Rec8''''' family.[1,2] The two domain regions are spaced by a long linker sequence (amino acids 116-553). This linker sequence contains a potential nuclear targeting motif at positions 272–279 (KRKKRRKD), 2 separase recognition sites at 411–421 (ADDIEKLRGNT) and 420–430 (NTSGEYGRDYD) and a PEST motif at 511– 534 (RLSDVGPTPDLLEEIEPTQTPYEK) (Figure 2A). These motifs  are proposed to be implicated in function regulation in cohesion establishment and disassociation [1,3]. The deficiency of '''''OsRad21-4''''' at the mRNA and protein is correlated with pollen cell sterility phenotype.(Figure6) '''''OsRad21-4''''' was essential to meiosis. (Figure7, Figure8) In addtion, '''''OsRad21-4''''' is responsible for the pairing of some homologous chromosomes.(Figure9, Figure10)
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* '''''Rad21/Rec8''''' is an important component and key regulator of cohesins. '''''OsRAD21-4''''', a '''''RAD21'''''-like gene from rice Zhonghua 10 (Oryza sativa L. ssp.japonica), is a single-copy gene in the rice genome and essential for efficient meiosis.
[[File:F22.png|200px|thumb|left|Figure2(A)]][[File:F6.png|200px|thumb|left|Figure6]][[File:F7.png|200px|thumb|left|Figure7]][[File:F8.png|200px|thumb|left|Figure8]][[File:F9.png|200px|thumb|left|Figure9]][[File:F10.png|200px|thumb|left|Figure10]]
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* '''''OsRad21-4''''' is composed of 20 exons and 19 introns.<ref name="ref1" /> It encodes a relatively hydrophilic protein and contains the entire Pfam04825 and Pfam04824 domains (spanning amino acids 1–115 and 554–608, respectively) (Figure 2A), of which Pfam04825 is highly conserved in all known members and Pfam04824 present in most of the '''''Rad21/Rec8''''' family.<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref2" /> The two domain regions are spaced by a long linker sequence (amino acids 116-553).<ref name="ref1" />
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* This linker sequence contains a potential nuclear targeting motif at positions 272–279 (KRKKRRKD), 2 separase recognition sites at 411–421 (ADDIEKLRGNT) and 420–430 (NTSGEYGRDYD) and a PEST motif at 511– 534 (RLSDVGPTPDLLEEIEPTQTPYEK) (Figure 2A)<ref name="ref1" />. These motifs  are proposed to be implicated in function regulation in cohesion establishment and disassociation.<ref name="ref1" /><ref name="ref3" />
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* The deficiency of '''''OsRad21-4''''' at the mRNA and protein is correlated with pollen cell sterility phenotype.(Figure6)<ref name="ref1" /> '''''OsRad21-4''''' was essential to meiosis. (Figure7, Figure8)<ref name="ref1" /> In addtion, '''''OsRad21-4''''' is responsible for the pairing of some homologous chromosomes.(Figure9, Figure10)<ref name="ref1" />
  
 
===Expression===
 
===Expression===
'''''OsRad21-4''''' is present in the rice genome as a single-copy gene. The mRNA and protein of '''''OsRad21-4''''' were expressed preferentially in young flowers where the pollen mother cells (PMCs) were in pre-meiotic stages. '''''OsRAD21-4''''' cDNA cloned here is 2133 bp long and has a 5' UTR of 54 bp, a 3' UTR of 255 bp and an ORF of 1824 bp encoding a deduced polypeptide of 608 amino acids (OsRad21-4). OsRad21-4 has a calculated molecular mass of 68.5 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.45. The protein is a nucleus-localizing protein.(Figure 2B)[[File:F23.png|200px|thumb|left|Figure2(B)]] As shown in Figure 3A, '''''OsRad21-4''''' was expressed preferentially in flowers, weakly in leaves and barely in buds and roots. Furthermore, '''''OsRad21-4''''' was expressed dominantly just before the premeiotic stage of PMCs. (Figure 3C) This gene should function in premeiotic and meiotic PMCs, which is consistent with this notion that meiotic cohesion is established at the pre-meiotic S phase. (Figur 4)[(Watanabe et al.,2001)4]
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[[File:F23.png|274px|thumb|right|Figure2(B)]]
[[File:F3A.png|200px|thumb|left|Figure3 (A)]][[File:F3C.png|200px|thumb|left|Figure3(C)]][[File:F4.png|200px|thumb|left|Figure4]]
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* '''''OsRad21-4''''' is present in the rice genome as a single-copy gene.<ref name="ref1" /> The mRNA and protein of '''''OsRad21-4''''' were expressed preferentially in young flowers where the pollen mother cells (PMCs) were in pre-meiotic stages.<ref name="ref1" /> As shown in Figure 3A, '''''OsRad21-4''''' was expressed preferentially in flowers, weakly in leaves and barely in buds and roots.<ref name="ref1" />
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* Furthermore, '''''OsRad21-4''''' was expressed dominantly just before the premeiotic stage of PMCs.(Figure 3C)<ref name="ref1" /> This gene should function in premeiotic and meiotic PMCs, which is consistent with this notion that meiotic cohesion is established at the pre-meiotic S phase. (Figur 4)<ref name="ref4" />
  
 
===Evolution===
 
===Evolution===
'''''OsRad21-4''''' is a rice orthologue of yeast Rec8.(Figure2(C)) In rice, '''''OsRad21-4''''' is required for homologous pairing and segregation. It might be responsible mainly for sister chromatid-arm cohesion and to a lesser extent or not at all for centromere cohesion. In addition, '''''OsRad21-4''''' is required for chromosome condensation. Besides, Zhang et al suggest possible link between Rec8 proteins and chromosome fragmentation in higher eukaryotes. Furthermore, appearance of micronuclei and/or undetached dinuclei-containing spores and unequal cell division at anaphase I and II in the deficient plants were similar to those reported in mutants of genes related to other early events of meiosis prophase I[5], suggesting possible interaction of early events of prophase I.
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* '''''OsRad21-4''''' is a rice orthologue of yeast Rec8.(Figure2(C))<ref name="ref1" /> In rice, '''''OsRad21-4''''' is required for homologous pairing and segregation.<ref name="ref1" /> It might be responsible mainly for sister chromatid-arm cohesion and to a lesser extent or not at all for centromere cohesion.<ref name="ref1" />
[[File:F2C.png|200px|thumb|left|Figure2(C)]]
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* In addition, '''''OsRad21-4''''' is required for chromosome condensation.<ref name="ref1" /> Besides, Zhang et al suggest possible link between Rec8 proteins and chromosome fragmentation in higher eukaryotes.<ref name="ref1" /> Furthermore, appearance of micronuclei and/or undetached dinuclei-containing spores and unequal cell division at anaphase I and II in the deficient plants were similar to those reported in mutants of genes related to other early events of meiosis prophase I<ref name="ref5" />, suggesting possible interaction of early events of prophase I.
  
 
==Labs working on this gene==
 
==Labs working on this gene==
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==References==
 
==References==
1.<nowiki>Zhang L, Tao J, Wang S, et al. The rice OsRad21-4, an orthologue of yeast Rec8 protein, is required for efficient meiosis[J]. Plant molecular biology, 2006, 60(4): 533-554.</nowiki>
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<references>
 
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* <ref name="ref1">
2.<nowiki>Molecular characterization of OsRAD21-1, a rice homologue of yeast RAD21 essential for mitotic chromosome cohesion</nowiki>
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Zhang L, Tao J, Wang S, et al. The rice OsRad21-4, an orthologue of yeast Rec8 protein, is required for efficient meiosis[J]. Plant molecular biology, 2006, 60(4): 533-554.</ref>
 
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* <ref name="ref2">
3.<nowiki>DISSEMINATING THE GENOME: Joining, Resolving, and Separating Sister Chromatids During Mitosis and Meiosis</nowiki>
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Zhang L R, Tao J Y, Wang T. Molecular characterization of OsRAD21‐1, a rice homologue of yeast RAD21 essential for mitotic chromosome cohesion*[J]. Journal of experimental botany, 2004, 55(399): 1149-1152.</ref>
 
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*<ref name="ref3">Nasmyth K. Disseminating the genome: joining, resolving, and separating sister chromatids during mitosis and meiosis[J]. Annual review of genetics, 2001, 35(1): 673-745.</ref>
4.<nowiki>Pre-meiotic S phase is linked to reductional chromosome segregation and recombination</nowiki>
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*<ref name="ref4">Watanabe Y, Yokobayashi S, Yamamoto M, et al. Pre-meiotic S phase is linked to reductional chromosome segregation and recombination[J]. Nature, 2001, 409(6818): 359-363.</ref>
 
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*<ref name="ref5">Ma H. Molecular genetic analyses of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in flowering plants[J]. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 2005, 56: 393-434.</ref>
5.<nowiki>Molecular Genetic Analyses of Microsporogenesis and Microgametogenesis in Flowering Plant</nowiki>
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</references>
 
 
 
==Structured Information==
 
==Structured Information==
{{JaponicaGene|
 
GeneName = Os05g0580500|
 
Description = Rad21/Rec8 like protein, N-terminal domain containing protein|
 
Version = NM_001062961.1 GI:115465652 GeneID:4339720|
 
Length = 7262 bp|
 
Definition = Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os05g0580500, complete gene.|
 
Source = Oryza sativa Japonica Group
 
  
  ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group
 
            Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
 
            Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
 
            clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
 
|
 
Chromosome = [[:category:Japonica Chromosome 5|Chromosome 5]]|
 
AP = Chromosome 5:28971202..28978463|
 
CDS = 28971255..28971307,28971498..28971566,28971665..28971723,28971819..28971863,28971950..28971969<br>,28972078..28972154,28973352..28973448,28973606..28973687,28973767..28973845<br>,28973955..28974118,28974803..28974846,28974927..28975082,28975179..28975347<br>,28975463..28975530,28975642..28975789,28975853..28975940,28976938..28977065<br>,28977165..28977249,28977333..28977445,28978161..28978243|
 
GCID = <gbrowseImage1>
 
name=NC_008398:28971202..28978463
 
source=RiceChromosome05
 
preset=GeneLocation
 
</gbrowseImage1>|
 
GSID = <gbrowseImage2>
 
name=NC_008398:28971202..28978463
 
source=RiceChromosome05
 
preset=GeneLocation
 
</gbrowseImage2>|
 
CDNA = <cdnaseq>atgttctactcgcaccagctcctcgcgcggaaggctccgctcggccagatatggatggcggcgacgcttcactcgaagatcaaccggaagcggcttgacaagctcgacatcatcaaaatctgtgaggagattttgaacccgtcggtacccatggcactaaggctctccggaattctcatgggtggtgtggcgatcgtgtacgagaggaaggtgaaggctctgtatgatgatgtgtctcggtttctgattgagatcaacgaggcatggcgggtcaagccagtcgcagaccccaccgtacttcccaagggcaaaacccaagccaagtatgaagcagtaacactgccagagaatatcatggatatggatgtggagcagcccatgcttttctcagaggctgatactacaaggttccggggaatgcgtttggaggatttggatgaccaatacattaatgtcaacctagacgatgatgacttctcgcgcgctgagaatcatcaccaagctgatgcagaaaatatcaccctggctgataatttcgggtctgggcttggagagactgatgtgttcaatcgttttgagagattcgacataacagatgatgatgcaactttcaatgtcactcctgatggacacccacaggttccaagtaatctggttccttctccacctaggcaggaagactctcctcagcaacaagaaaaccatcatgctgcctcatcccctcttcacgaagaagctcaacaagggggggcatctgtaaaaaatgagcaagagcagcagaagatgaagggtcagcaacctgctaaatcatcaaagagaaaaaaacgtaggaaagatgatgaggtgatgatggataacgaccagataatgatcccaggaaatgtatatcaaacatggctgaaggatccatcaagcctcattaccaaaaggcacagaatcaacagtaaagttaatcttattcggtcaatcaagataagagacctcatggacttgcccctcgtttctctaatatcttccttggagaagtcacccttagaattttattatcctaaggaacttatgcagctttggaaggaatgtactgaagtcaagtccccaaaagctccatcttcaggagggcagcagtcatcatcaccagaacaacagcaaagaaacttgcctcctcaggcatttccaacccagcctcaggttgataatgacagggaaatgggatttcacccagtggactttgcagatgacatcgaaaaactccgaggaaacactagtggggaatatggaagagattatgatgcttttcacagtgatcatagtgttactcctggaagtcctgggctaagtcgcaggtctgcttcaagctctggtggctctggacggggatttacgcagttggatccagaagtacagttgccatccggaaggtccaagaggcagcattcatctggaaaaagctttgggaacctcgatccagttgaagaagaattcccattcgagcaagaacttagagatttcaagatgagaaggctttcagatgttgggccaactccagacctgctggaagaaatcgaacctactcaaaccccatatgaaaagaaatccaatcctatcgaccaggtcacacaatcaatccactcgtacctcaagctacactttgacaccccaggggcctcacagtctgaatcattaagtcagctagcacatgggatgactacagcaaaggctgcccgactcttctatcaagcatgcgttttagcaactcatgattttatcaaggttaaccagctggaaccatacggagacatcttgatctcgaggggaccaaagatgtga</cdnaseq>|
 
AA = <aaseq>MFYSHQLLARKAPLGQIWMAATLHSKINRKRLDKLDIIKICEEI                    LNPSVPMALRLSGILMGGVAIVYERKVKALYDDVSRFLIEINEAWRVKPVADPTVLPK                    GKTQAKYEAVTLPENIMDMDVEQPMLFSEADTTRFRGMRLEDLDDQYINVNLDDDDFS                    RAENHHQADAENITLADNFGSGLGETDVFNRFERFDITDDDATFNVTPDGHPQVPSNL                    VPSPPRQEDSPQQQENHHAASSPLHEEAQQGGASVKNEQEQQKMKGQQPAKSSKRKKR                    RKDDEVMMDNDQIMIPGNVYQTWLKDPSSLITKRHRINSKVNLIRSIKIRDLMDLPLV                    SLISSLEKSPLEFYYPKELMQLWKECTEVKSPKAPSSGGQQSSSPEQQQRNLPPQAFP                    TQPQVDNDREMGFHPVDFADDIEKLRGNTSGEYGRDYDAFHSDHSVTPGSPGLSRRSA                    SSSGGSGRGFTQLDPEVQLPSGRSKRQHSSGKSFGNLDPVEEEFPFEQELRDFKMRRL                    SDVGPTPDLLEEIEPTQTPYEKKSNPIDQVTQSIHSYLKLHFDTPGASQSESLSQLAH                    GMTTAKAARLFYQACVLATHDFIKVNQLEPYGDILISRGPKM</aaseq>|
 
DNA = <dnaseqindica>54..106#297..365#464..522#618..662#749..768#877..953#2151..2247#2405..2486#2566..2644#2754..2917#3602..3645#3726..3881#3978..4146#4262..4329#4441..4588#4652..4739#5737..5864#5964..6048#6132..6244#6960..7042#cagcgcctccactctcactcgctcatccattccctccctcctcacgatcgagaatgttctactcgcaccagctcctcgcgcggaaggctccgctcggccagatatggtgggtttgcttcgctctccgctcctctcgatcgcgtcctttcggcttctcttctcatgcgccgttctgcggtgctccgttctatattgttttctgcgatttctctgctcgttccgctccgaaatccgaatgttcgccacttggttggagttgattaggccgctgattactccgcttttttttttcgcaggatggcggcgacgcttcactcgaagatcaaccggaagcggcttgacaagctcgacatcatcaaaatctggtgagcgaattagtccgaatccagttgtctctgatttcttcgtttcgaacttgacggttttttttggggggattttgtgcgtgtggtttttgggttagtgaggagattttgaacccgtcggtacccatggcactaaggctctccggaattctcatgggtgagtccagtttgcttgttgtctccatagttccgatcgcatttgtttggtgatattttctgatgtgggtgcttgcgtcgtgggagtgtgagtaggtggtgtggcgatcgtgtacgagaggaaggtgaaggctctgtatggtgagttgctccctgattgcttctcttttgtttccattttttttggattcgttatagactcaaactgtgtgagatcttcttcgcagatgatgtgtctcggtttctggtaaaattcgagttcgattttcacctaattttggtgcctcctccttgatccatttgcctgtctatgctaacatggttcagattacgcttgtactaactcctcacacagattgagatcaacgaggcatggcgggtcaagccagtcgcagaccccaccgtacttcccaagggcaaaacccaagccaagtaagtgccctctttgtttccatgaccttctaggactagaagtttctagatgttctgtgcacggttttgggttcgagggaagattgaagaacatgctattatgttggtgaccgaggggagtttgcttttgtttccctgctgccagggattgtgagtttgtgtgtgattttcaccatccgatgctaatctgatggactcgtcatttgacacagttgcaagttttgatatgtcatcagcttacttggttctgattagaacatgctgcatctgtgtaatgttgattttatgatgatactatctccttgcagcatagtacattgttatgttttcagatgtacctgatgttgtcatatgactgattgttctgttctacctgttgtctattggcggttcatgggaccctgctgttacttgcctcttgttgtcttgctgactttggtagcagccgatgtctgtattatgcaggagtactattctacaaatgatctgtgtttcctggcagcataaatttgtctgtatgttgttccagtatatgtaggtcctctacatttgtagggtgatgaagggcttttgcttccccacagtgtttcctcctctcttaatgaaatgatatacaactctcttgcatattcaagaaaaaaaaactggaagggcattaggcagttaggcaggcattgtcagtgagcgatacatgctttatggggatgaacatttgactttttcttgggtgtcagttactggtgccaagggagcaggtctgagggccgtctggtacttgagaaatgttgctatcttagagtctagggaattccatcacctttgggaaccggaggcaaacatttcttaatcttgtatcatgctcgaaggactgactcttgtgggtgtaccatttccttccattgtggcctgcatctgatatgtaaccatgtggctgtgccatcatccccttgatcccttcggaactatgttcgatagttactgcaatgttcacgtgatgttgatacctgtactgttgcaatgagtttaaccctcttggagtcctggatagttcctctgaatgattgtatcccaagggtcttttcaacttacttttgtaaatagcatagagtgggtataagttggtggatggagaatgatattttgtaccaagagtaaaacagtaatggtttgctcatctaaacttggggcttcatgcaggtatgaagcagtaacactgccagagaatatcatggatatggatgtggagcagcccatgcttttctcagaggctgatactacaaggttccggggaatggtaatccctgtaatatgtatatttcggtggtgtctgattgtatgcattgaaagatggcattaagttatgagcaataaccacgagatagtcttgctttcagtctcctgacttttgccagattgtctctattcctctgaaatccgtcatgcatgtgcagcgtttggaggatttggatgaccaatacattaatgtcaacctagacgatgatgacttctcgcgcgctgagaatcatcaccaaggttttcatttcttttcttatgaattactctttgtggttgcttaagaggtgtactttctgactgaaatatgttatctcagctgatgcagaaaatatcaccctggctgataatttcgggtctgggcttggagagactgatgtgttcaatcgttttgagaggtgaagcaaaattttattcttctcttattctaccattcattttttgcacttcttgttccttattttggccagtacaattattcattgagcaatgttacaatgtcaccagattcgacataacagatgatgatgcaactttcaatgtcactcctgatggacacccacaggttccaagtaatctggttccttctccacctaggcaggaagactctcctcagcaacaagaaaaccatcatgctgcctcatcccctcttcacgaagaagctcaacaaggtcaattcaagcacatggtttggtctatttgatcctaaatttggaaagggtactatcatcctgtaaatcgggattttttttccagtttccatgccaaaagacaacaattctcatctctgttttttagcatgccacagatgcaaatgatatttcaaacaagtaaaacttccatccaaatatatctcagtgaatttatgatttgatgtagtttcttcagggatatgaacttgatggttatgtcaatatctcttaacagctagatattctatcttatcatatactctgctatattatgttggttaagaagctaaaagttcactcatcatctcctgttgcctttctacatttccaacggttggattttcgcgaggctaggtagagatgctgagcgattgccattgaatttgctacatgttatgtcattgaatttggcttttgtcaacgggataataaaacacattgtgtaacttgtcaccattcacactagtttactgactgaaattcaatttatattatatttgaatcttttctacttgctaaacaagacttgcatatagcctcttcctcgtgactatctgtacttcagtttgctatatctgatataagtgctggacatggtttgggtacattaatatgtgccatagtgcaagtgccttgttgcaattactgacaacttttctgcagggggggcatctgtaaaaaatgagcaagagcagcagaagatgaaggtttgtgatcaagcgagccgttagcttcaggaacatctagatgaagaagataattgttttgtttgatattgtttaaccagggtcagcaacctgctaaatcatcaaagagaaaaaaacgtaggaaagatgatgaggtgatgatggataacgaccagataatgatcccaggaaatgtatatcaaacatggctgaaggatccatcaagcctcattaccaaaaggcacagaatcaacagtgtatgtaattgctttgattacctaattctgtgtagagttttgtaactatgcagaattttgtgaacatatctgatgttttgccgtgtaatattgcagaaagttaatcttattcggtcaatcaagataagagacctcatggacttgcccctcgtttctctaatatcttccttggagaagtcacccttagaattttattatcctaaggaacttatgcagctttggaaggaatgtactgaagtcaagtccccaaaagctccatcttcaggttactacacaatttgtagttttctttcacctttctggatcaccaagggaactgtaagttttttataatttaatctgctaagttcgaactgaaaaggttgcaatcttttttaaaggagggcagcagtcatcatcaccagaacaacagcaaagaaacttgcctcctcaggcatttccaacccaggttatttctaaatttatatgtttatggaaatgatttatgctagcttttcctattgagctgtaacatttacattcattcttgaacttgtctgataagtggttcaatttgcagcctcaggttgataatgacagggaaatgggatttcacccagtggactttgcagatgacatcgaaaaactccgaggaaacactagtggggaatatggaagagattatgatgcttttcacagtgatcatagtgttactcctggaagtcctggtaagtacaaaaaacaatatattttatttatttagacactgaatgacatcagtcctgctgcagggctaagtcgcaggtctgcttcaagctctggtggctctggacggggatttacgcagttggatccagaagtacagttgccatccggaaggtgagtgttgattaatagcaaccttcactagttttctgaa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Link = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001062961.1 RefSeq:Os05g0580500]|
 
}}
 
 
[[Category:Genes]]
 
[[Category:Genes]]
 
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]
 
[[Category:Japonica mRNA]]

Latest revision as of 16:12, 7 May 2017

The rice Os05g0580500 was reported as Rad21/Rec8 [1] in 2006, by researchers from China

Annotated Information

Gene Symbol

  • Os05g0580500 <=> OsRAD21-4, OsREC8, OsRad21-4, REC8

Function

  • Rad21/Rec8 is an important component and key regulator of cohesins. OsRAD21-4, a RAD21-like gene from rice Zhonghua 10 (Oryza sativa L. ssp.japonica), is a single-copy gene in the rice genome and essential for efficient meiosis.
  • OsRad21-4 is composed of 20 exons and 19 introns.[1] It encodes a relatively hydrophilic protein and contains the entire Pfam04825 and Pfam04824 domains (spanning amino acids 1–115 and 554–608, respectively) (Figure 2A), of which Pfam04825 is highly conserved in all known members and Pfam04824 present in most of the Rad21/Rec8 family.[1][2] The two domain regions are spaced by a long linker sequence (amino acids 116-553).[1]
  • This linker sequence contains a potential nuclear targeting motif at positions 272–279 (KRKKRRKD), 2 separase recognition sites at 411–421 (ADDIEKLRGNT) and 420–430 (NTSGEYGRDYD) and a PEST motif at 511– 534 (RLSDVGPTPDLLEEIEPTQTPYEK) (Figure 2A)[1]. These motifs are proposed to be implicated in function regulation in cohesion establishment and disassociation.[1][3]
  • The deficiency of OsRad21-4 at the mRNA and protein is correlated with pollen cell sterility phenotype.(Figure6)[1] OsRad21-4 was essential to meiosis. (Figure7, Figure8)[1] In addtion, OsRad21-4 is responsible for the pairing of some homologous chromosomes.(Figure9, Figure10)[1]

Expression

Figure2(B)
  • OsRad21-4 is present in the rice genome as a single-copy gene.[1] The mRNA and protein of OsRad21-4 were expressed preferentially in young flowers where the pollen mother cells (PMCs) were in pre-meiotic stages.[1] As shown in Figure 3A, OsRad21-4 was expressed preferentially in flowers, weakly in leaves and barely in buds and roots.[1]
  • Furthermore, OsRad21-4 was expressed dominantly just before the premeiotic stage of PMCs.(Figure 3C)[1] This gene should function in premeiotic and meiotic PMCs, which is consistent with this notion that meiotic cohesion is established at the pre-meiotic S phase. (Figur 4)[4]

Evolution

  • OsRad21-4 is a rice orthologue of yeast Rec8.(Figure2(C))[1] In rice, OsRad21-4 is required for homologous pairing and segregation.[1] It might be responsible mainly for sister chromatid-arm cohesion and to a lesser extent or not at all for centromere cohesion.[1]
  • In addition, OsRad21-4 is required for chromosome condensation.[1] Besides, Zhang et al suggest possible link between Rec8 proteins and chromosome fragmentation in higher eukaryotes.[1] Furthermore, appearance of micronuclei and/or undetached dinuclei-containing spores and unequal cell division at anaphase I and II in the deficient plants were similar to those reported in mutants of genes related to other early events of meiosis prophase I[5], suggesting possible interaction of early events of prophase I.

Labs working on this gene

1.Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Research Center of Molecular & Developmental Biology, Institute of Botany, Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093,China

2.Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

3.Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

4.PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan

5.Imperial Cancer Research Fund, 44 Lincoln's Inn Field, London WC2A 3PX, UK

6.Division of Natural Science, Osaka Kyoiku University, 4-698-1 Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, Osaka 582-8582, Japan

7.Faculty of Health Sciences for Welfare, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, 3-11-1 Asahigaoka, Osaka 582-0026, Japan

References

  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 Zhang L, Tao J, Wang S, et al. The rice OsRad21-4, an orthologue of yeast Rec8 protein, is required for efficient meiosis[J]. Plant molecular biology, 2006, 60(4): 533-554.
  2. Zhang L R, Tao J Y, Wang T. Molecular characterization of OsRAD21‐1, a rice homologue of yeast RAD21 essential for mitotic chromosome cohesion*[J]. Journal of experimental botany, 2004, 55(399): 1149-1152.
  3. Nasmyth K. Disseminating the genome: joining, resolving, and separating sister chromatids during mitosis and meiosis[J]. Annual review of genetics, 2001, 35(1): 673-745.
  4. Watanabe Y, Yokobayashi S, Yamamoto M, et al. Pre-meiotic S phase is linked to reductional chromosome segregation and recombination[J]. Nature, 2001, 409(6818): 359-363.
  5. Ma H. Molecular genetic analyses of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in flowering plants[J]. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 2005, 56: 393-434.

Structured Information