Os01g0883800

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The rice semidwarf-1 (sd1) is well known as the "green revolution gene" and controls the plant height of rice.

Annotated Information

Function

Semidwarf VS. normal-type rice plants at ripening (from reference [1]).

This gene is originally derived from the Chinese cultivar Dee-Geo-Woo-Gen(DGWG). It encodes an oxidase enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of gibberellin, which is a plant growth hormone. The rice genome carries at least two GA20ox genes (GA20ox-1 and GA20ox-2).SD1 corresponds to GA20ox-2. Mutation of SD1 will cause a semi-dwarf phenotype of rice without seed yield being affected [2]. It is not surprising that a rice semidwarfing gene encodes GA20-ox since successful production of semidwarf plants using antisense or overexpressed GA20-ox genes has been reported in Arabidopsis, Solanum dulcamara, potato, and lettuce [1].

It is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of gibberellin that catalyses the three steps GA53->GA44->GA19->GA20. Impaired GA 20-oxidase activity will cause elevated content of GA53, and reduced amount of G20 [2].[3]. However, there is slight difference between different strains. The extent of GA1 is lower in Doongara (semi-dwarf rice strain) when compared with Kyeema (tall), while there is no significant difference between Calrose76 (semi-dwarf rice strain) and Calrose (tall). Calrose76 has lower contents of GA44 and of GA19 than Calrose, while there is no significant difference between Doongara (semi-dwarf rice strain) and Kyeema (tall) [3].

GO asignment(s): GO:0005506, GO:0016216, GO:0017000

Mutation

‘dee-geo-woo-gen’ (semi-dwarf rice strain): A 383-base-pair deletion from the genome (A 280-bp deletion within the coding region), which induces a frameshift that creates a stop codon in SD1, may be related with the semi-dwarf phenotype [2][3].

Calrose76 (semi-dwarf rice strain): The DNA sequence of Calrose76 is identical to Calrose (tall) except for a C to T transition at position 798 that resulted in a change of the predicted amino acid leucine (Leu-266) in Calrose to phenylalanine in Calrose76 [3].

Expression

This gene is strongly expressed in the leaf blade, stem and unopened flower, whereas GA20ox-1 is predominantly expressed in the unopened flower [2].

Among the DGWG-type sd-1 mutants, IR24 and Habataki have little transcript of this gene, while Milyang 23 expresses a normal or greater amount of truncated transcript. No significant difference is observed between Calrose and its single-nucleotide-substitution mutant Calrose 76 [1].

Analysis of the tissue- and stage-specificity of transcription of sd1 in Nipponbare revealed that this gene was expressed within 48 hr after sowing, as well as in 10-day-old plants, 30-day-old leaves, and flowering panicles; no transcription is detected in 24-hr-old seedlings or in 14-day-old roots. Transcript accumulates predominantly in adult leaves [1].

Primer Forward primer Reverse primer
gene amplication 5'-CAACTCACTCCCGCTCAACACAGC-3' 5'-TTTGAAATGCAATGTCGTCCACC-3'(used to amplify exon 1)
5'-GCGCCAATGGGGTAATTAAAACG-3' 5'-GGCATTCCATTGTTTGTGATTGG-3'(used to amplify exon 2)
5'-GTTTGTCCTTGTCGCGTTGCTCAG-3' 5'-TCTGTTCGTTCCGTTTCGTTCCG-3'(used to amplify exon 3[3].)
RT-PCR 5'-CAACTCACTCCCGCTCAACACAGC- 3'(located 22-bp upstream from the translation start) 5'-GTTCGTTCCGTTTCGGTTCCG- 3'(eight-bp downstream from the TGA stop codon [3].)
5'-AGCTGGACATGCCCGTGGTC-3' 5'-TTGAGCTGCTGTCCGCGAAG-3' [1].

Evolution

This gene is conserved in Arabidopsis (47% identity) and pea(50% identity). GA20ox-2 shows 47.8% identity to GA20ox-1 in rice. There are at least three GA20-ox genes in Arabidopsis [2].[3].

Knowledge Extension

The wheat green-revolution gene Rht (for ‘reduced height’)[4] is a gain-of-function allele caused by a mutation in a transcription factor that is associated with the gibberellin signalling pathway. As wheat has a hexaploid genome, it does not contain recessive alleles such as sd1 in rice that might otherwise be used to produce a semi-dwarf strain of wheat. Although the genetic and biochemical functions of the rice SD1 and wheat RHT proteins are completely different (that is, recessive versus dominant, loss-of-function versus gain-offunction events, enzyme versus transcription factor, respectively), the products of both genes are linked with gibberellin malfunction [2].

Labs working on this gene

  • Bioscience Center, and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
  • Honda R&D, Wako Research Center, Wako 351-0193, Japan
  • International Rice Research Institute, Manila, DAPO Box 7777, Philippines
  • BioResources Center, and Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Riken, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
  • Division of Plant Industry, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, GPO Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
  • Plant Genome Center, 1-25-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Monna L, Kitazawa N, Yoshino R, Suzuki J, Masuda H, et al. (2002) Positional cloning of rice semidwarfing gene, sd-1: rice "green revolution gene" encodes a mutant enzyme involved in gibberellin synthesis. DNA Res 9: 11-17.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Sasaki A, Ashikari M, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Itoh H, Nishimura A, et al. (2002) Green revolution: a mutant gibberellin-synthesis gene in rice. Nature 416: 701-702.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Spielmeyer W, Ellis MH, Chandler PM (2002) Semidwarf (sd-1), "green revolution" rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20-oxidase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99: 9043-9048.
  4. Peng J, Richards DE, Hartley NM, Murphy GP, Devos KM, et al. (1999) 'Green revolution' genes encode mutant gibberellin response modulators. Nature 400: 256-261..

Structured Information

Gene Name

Os01g0883800

Description

Gibberellin 20 oxidase 2 (EC 1.14.11.-) (Gibberellin C-20 oxidase 2) (GA 20-oxidase 2) (Os20ox2) (Semidwarf-1 protein)

Version

NM_001051549.1 GI:115441468 GeneID:4325003

Length

2743 bp

Definition

Oryza sativa Japonica Group Os01g0883800, complete gene.

Source

Oryza sativa Japonica Group

 ORGANISM  Oryza sativa Japonica Group
           Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
           Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BEP
           clade; Ehrhartoideae; Oryzeae; Oryza.
Chromosome

Chromosome 1

Location

Chromosome 1:40138313..40141055

Sequence Coding Region

40138313..40138869,40138972..40139293,40140765..40141055

Expression

GEO Profiles:Os01g0883800

Genome Context

<gbrowseImage1> name=NC_008394:40138313..40141055 source=RiceChromosome01 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage1>

Gene Structure

<gbrowseImage2> name=NC_008394:40138313..40141055 source=RiceChromosome01 preset=GeneLocation </gbrowseImage2>

Coding Sequence

<cdnaseq>atggtggccgagcaccccacgccaccacagccgcaccaaccaccgcccatggactccaccgccggctctggcattgccgccccggcggcggcggcggtgtgcgacctgaggatggagcccaagatcccggagccattcgtgtggccgaacggcgacgcgaggccggcgtcggcggcggagctggacatgcccgtggtcgacgtgggcgtgctccgcgacggcgacgccgaggggctgcgccgcgccgcggcgcaggtggccgccgcgtgcgccacgcacgggttcttccaggtgtccgagcacggcgtcgacgccgctctggcgcgcgccgcgctcgacggcgccagcgacttcttccgcctcccgctcgccgagaagcgccgcgcgcgccgcgtcccgggcaccgtgtccggctacaccagcgcccacgccgaccgcttcgcctccaagctcccatggaaggagaccctctccttcggcttccacgaccgcgccgccgcccccgtcgtcgccgactacttctccagcaccctcggccccgacttcgcgccaatggggagggtgtaccagaagtactgcgaggagatgaaggagctgtcgctgacgatcatggaactcctggagctgagcctgggcgtggagcgaggctactacagggagttcttcgcggacagcagctcaatcatgcggtgcaactactacccgccatgcccggagccggagcggacgctcggcacgggcccgcactgcgaccccaccgccctcaccatcctcctccaggacgacgtcggcggcctcgaggtcctcgtcgacggcgaatggcgccccgtcagccccgtccccggcgccatggtcatcaacatcggcgacaccttcatggcgctgtcgaacgggaggtataagagctgcctgcacagggcggtggtgaaccagcggcgggagcggcggtcgctggcgttcttcctgtgcccgcgggaggacagggtggtgcggccgccgccgagcgccgccacgccgcagcactacccggacttcacctgggccgacctcatgcgcttcacgcagcgccactaccgcgccgacacccgcacgctcgacgccttcacgcgctggctcgcgccgccggccgccgacgccgccgcgacggcgcaggtcgaggcggccagctga</cdnaseq>

Protein Sequence

<aaseq>MVAEHPTPPQPHQPPPMDSTAGSGIAAPAAAAVCDLRMEPKIPE PFVWPNGDARPASAAELDMPVVDVGVLRDGDAEGLRRAAAQVAAACATHGFFQVSEHG VDAALARAALDGASDFFRLPLAEKRRARRVPGTVSGYTSAHADRFASKLPWKETLSFG FHDRAAAPVVADYFSSTLGPDFAPMGRVYQKYCEEMKELSLTIMELLELSLGVERGYY REFFADSSSIMRCNYYPPCPEPERTLGTGPHCDPTALTILLQDDVGGLEVLVDGEWRP VSPVPGAMVINIGDTFMALSNGRYKSCLHRAVVNQRRERRSLAFFLCPREDRVVRPPP SAATPQHYPDFTWADLMRFTQRHYRADTRTLDAFTRWLAPPAADAAATAQVEAAS</aaseq>

Gene Sequence

<dnaseqindica>1..557#660..981#2453..2743#atggtggccgagcaccccacgccaccacagccgcaccaaccaccgcccatggactccaccgccggctctggcattgccgccccggcggcggcggcggtgtgcgacctgaggatggagcccaagatcccggagccattcgtgtggccgaacggcgacgcgaggccggcgtcggcggcggagctggacatgcccgtggtcgacgtgggcgtgctccgcgacggcgacgccgaggggctgcgccgcgccgcggcgcaggtggccgccgcgtgcgccacgcacgggttcttccaggtgtccgagcacggcgtcgacgccgctctggcgcgcgccgcgctcgacggcgccagcgacttcttccgcctcccgctcgccgagaagcgccgcgcgcgccgcgtcccgggcaccgtgtccggctacaccagcgcccacgccgaccgcttcgcctccaagctcccatggaaggagaccctctccttcggcttccacgaccgcgccgccgcccccgtcgtcgccgactacttctccagcaccctcggccccgacttcgcgccaatggggtaattaaaacgatggtggacgacattgcatttcaaattcaaaacaaattcaaaacacaccgaccgagattatgctgaattcaaacgcgtttgtgcgcgcaggagggtgtaccagaagtactgcgaggagatgaaggagctgtcgctgacgatcatggaactcctggagctgagcctgggcgtggagcgaggctactacagggagttcttcgcggacagcagctcaatcatgcggtgcaactactacccgccatgcccggagccggagcggacgctcggcacgggcccgcactgcgaccccaccgccctcaccatcctcctccaggacgacgtcggcggcctcgaggtcctcgtcgacggcgaatggcgccccgtcagccccgtccccggcgccatggtcatcaacatcggcgacaccttcatggtaaaccatctcctattctcctctcctctgttctcctctgcttcgaagcaacagaacaagtaattcaagcttttttttctctctcgcgcgaaattgacgagaaaaataagatcgtggtaggggcggggctttcagctgaaagcgggaagaaaccgacctgacgtgatttctctgttccaatcacaaacaatggaatgccccactcctccatgtgttatgatttatctcacatcttatagttaataggagtaagtaacaagctacttttttcatattatagttcgtttgattttttttttttaaagtttttttagttttatccaaatttattgaaaaacttagcaacgtttataataccaaattagtctcatttagtttaatattgtatatattttgataatatatttatgttatattaaaaatattactatatttttctataaacattattaaaagccatttataatataaaatggaaggagtaattaatatggatctcccccgacatgagaatattttccgatggtgtgacgacgccatgtaagcttcggtgggcctggacggccagaggtgccaacagccacgtccaacaacccctgggtccccccctaacactccaaacagtagtgagtagtgtctcgtcgcgttttagtatttgatgacaaacaaagtgtgagttgagttagccaccaccaacttgcacacgagcacatacatttgtgtccattctcgccagtcacttccatctctagtcctaactcctatctagcgatgtaagcggataatttcatcatccgtatataaacctgtttgttatagttaatttcctatataatactataacagtatacattttaaaagaaaacaaaattaggataaacaggccctgctcctatccatccatggcacttggaaggaccagactcggtcatgccatgccaagccaagatatgggttatggaagagtagagaagaggagagatgagagataagcatgcgttctcctcctcgttggatgtgtattttggagggatttgtgtagtagtagcagcggcgccgcggggacggatgcggatggtggcgctttcggtggcgttttcccgggggggttttggtttggcgcttgggggggatggcatggcgcggcgtgcggctgcacgccacacacacgcgcgcgcacgcacgtacgtcgtcgtcgccgcgggcggacggtagcttagggtggtgtgttccgcgcgcgggcgcggattgttccatgccgatcgatttggcgccaccctcgccgcggctcttgtcgcgtcgtgcgcctctctcgcgcggtttgtccttgtcgcgttgctcagccggcgacgggggcacggacattggcgatgtagccctgcacgtgtcggcctctccgttgatgaatgatgatgtatgtatgtatttttttttgtctgaaggaatttgtggggaattgttgtgtgtgcaggcgctgtcgaacgggaggtataagagctgcctgcacagggcggtggtgaaccagcggcgggagcggcggtcgctggcgttcttcctgtgcccgcgggaggacagggtggtgcggccgccgccgagcgccgccacgccgcagcactacccggacttcacctgggccgacctcatgcgcttcacgcagcgccactaccgcgccgacacccgcacgctcgacgccttcacgcgctggctcgcgccgccggccgccgacgccgccgcgacggcgcaggtcgaggcggccagctga</dnaseqindica>

External Link(s)

NCBI Gene:Os01g0883800, RefSeq:Os01g0883800