Os10g0167600

The rice OsCPDP gene can repair cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPDs) which is essential for plant survival while exposed to UV-B-containing sunlight.

Annotated Information

Gene:OsCPDP; qUVR-10 Protein： Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase

Function

Repair of CPDs is essential for plant survival while exposed to UV-B-containing sunlight. Nuclear repair of the UV-B-induced CPDs involves the photoreversal of CPDs, photoreactivation, which is mediated by CPD photolyase that monomerizes the CPDs in DNA by using the energy of near-UV and visible light (300–500 nm).There are two kinds of CPD pthotolyase existed in rice leaves. One is 54kD and another is 56kD protein. The 56-kD native rice CPD photolyase was phosphorylated, which has significantly higher CPD photorepair activity. The native rice CPD photolyase possesses both a pterin-like chromophore and an FAD chromophore. Single amino acid alteration from glutamine to arginine leads to a deficit of CPD photolyase activity and that CPD photolyase activity is one of the main factors determining UVB sensitivity in rice.

Plants use sunlight as energy for photosynthesis; however, plant DNA is exposed to the harmful effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280–320 nm) in the process. UV-B radiation damages nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA by the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), which are the primary UV-B-induced DNA lesions, and are a principal cause of UV-B-induced growth inhibition in plants. Repair of CPDs is therefore essential for plant survival while exposed to UV-B-containing sunlight. Nuclear repair of the UV-B-induced CPDs involves the photoreversal of CPDs, photoreactivation, which is mediated by CPD photolyase that monomerizes the CPDs in DNA by using the energy of near-UV and visible light (300–500 nm).

Expression

Full-length CPD photolyase is encoded by a single gene, not a splice variant, and is expressed and targeted not only to nuclei but also to chloroplasts and mitochondria. Over-expressing CPD photolyase enhances thein vitro photorepair ability of rice. CPD photolyase-over-expressing plants are significantly more resistant to the growth-impairing effects of UVB radiation than the WT plant.

Fig.Organization of theOryza sativacyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase gene and alignments of the nucleotide sequence and corresponding amino

The rice may have evolved a CPD photolyase that functions in chloroplasts, mitochondria and nuclei, and that contains DNA to protect cells from the harmful effects of UV-B radiation.

Evolution

Rice may have evolved a CPD photolyase that functions in chloroplasts, mitochondria and nuclei, and that contains DNA to protect cells from the harmful effects of UV-B radiation. The amino acid at position 126 of the deduced amino acid sequence of CPD photolyase in cultivars including such as Norin 1 was found to be arginine, the CPD photolyase activities of which were lower. The amino acid at that position in cultivars including such as Sasanishiki was glutamine, which has higher CPD photolyase activities.

Subcellular location of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase in rice

Rice cultivars vary widely in their sensitivity to ultraviolet B (UVB) and this has been correlated with cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase mutations that alter the structure/function of this photorepair enzyme. Whether CPD photolyase function determines the UVB sensitivity of rice (Oryza sativa) by generating transgenic rice plants bearing the CPD photolyase gene of the UV-resistant rice cultivar Sasanishiki in the sense orientation (S-B and S-C lines) or the antisense orientation (AS-D line). The S-B and S-C plants had 5.1- and 45.7-fold higher CPD photolyase activities than the wild-type, respectively, were significantly more resistant to UVB-induced growth damage, and maintained significantly lower CPD levels in their leaves during growth under elevated UVB radiation. Conversely, the AS-D plant had little photolyase activity, was severely damaged by elevated UVB radiation, and maintained higher CPD levels in its leaves during growth under UVB radiation. Notably, the S-C plant was not more resistant to UVB-induced growth inhibition than the S-B plant, even though it had much higher CPD photolyase activity. These results strongly indicate that UVB-induced CPDs are one of principal causes of UVB-induced growth inhibition in rice plants grown under supplementary UVB radiation, and that increasing CPD photolyase activity can significantly alleviate UVB-caused growth inhibition in rice. However, further protection from UVB-induced damage may require the genetic enhancement of other systems as well.

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Labs working on this gene

Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan

Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980–8577, Japan;

Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan

Institute of Genetic Ecology, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan

Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan

Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862–0973, Japan (H.M.)

Applied Genomics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan

Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA

National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan

References

1.Hidema, J., Kumagai, T., and Sutherland, B.M. (2000). UV Radiation–Sensitive Norin 1 Rice Contains Defective Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Photolyase. The Plant Cell Online 12, 1569-1578.

2.Hidema, J., Taguchi, T., Ono, T., Teranishi, M., Yamamoto, K., and Kumagai, T. (2007). Increase in CPD photolyase activity functions effectively to prevent growth inhibition caused by UVB radiation. The Plant Journal 50, 70-79.

3.Hidema, J., Teranishi, M., Iwamatsu, Y., Hirouchi, T., Ueda, T., Sato, T., Burr, B., Sutherland, B.M., Yamamoto, K., and Kumagai, T. (2005). Spontaneously occurring mutations in the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase gene cause different sensitivities to ultraviolet‐B in rice. The Plant Journal 43, 57-67.

4.Takahashi, M., Teranishi, M., Ishida, H., Kawasaki, J., Takeuchi, A., Yamaya, T., Watanabe, M., Makino, A., and Hidema, J. (2011). Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase repairs ultraviolet‐B‐induced CPDs in rice chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA. The Plant Journal 66, 433-442.

5.Teranishi, M., Iwamatsu, Y., Hidema, J., and Kumagai, T. (2004). Ultraviolet-B sensitivities in Japanese lowland rice cultivars: cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase activity and gene mutation. Plant and cell physiology 45, 1848-1856.

6.Teranishi, M., Nakamura, K., Morioka, H., Yamamoto, K., and Hidema, J. (2008). The native cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase of rice is phosphorylated. Plant physiology 146, 1941-1951.

7.Ueda, T., Sato, T., Hidema, J., Hirouchi, T., Yamamoto, K., Kumagai, T., and Yano, M. (2005). qUVR-10, a major quantitative trait locus for ultraviolet-B resistance in rice, encodes cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase. Genetics 171, 1941-1950.