Os07g0641200

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Annotated Information

Function

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) has been identified as a component of CSP, which is required for both rhizobial and mycorrhizal endosymbioses to take up nitrogen and phosphorus from soil, respectively. The important role of CCaMK in plants in the response to environmental stresses. OsCCaMK can regulates both plant growth and the community structure of rootassociated bacteria in rice plants under both paddy field and upland conditions.OsCCaMK in rice simultaneously controls CH4 oxidation and N2 fixation through the actions of methanotrophs and other N2 fixer under nitrogen-limited paddy field conditions.

Expression

Oryza sativa CCaMK (OsCCaMK) genes were highly expressed in roots of field-grown rice at vegetative and reproductive stages; such expression is required for mycorrhization. Strong expression of Oryza sativa CCaMK (OsCCaMK) was detected in rice roots not only under aerobic conditions, where mycorrhization is expected to occur, but also under the anaerobic conditions of a paddy field throughout the growth stages of rice. The stable and strong expression of OsCCaMK in rice roots implies its importance in rice. OsCCaMK has considerable impacts on both the diversity of root-associated bacteria and the growth of rice plants under both paddy and upland field conditions.

Evolution

1.Structures of CCaMK are conserved between rice and Lotus OsCCaMK has a kinase domain with a putative autophosphorylation site (Thr263), a CaM-binding (autoinhibitory) domain and three EF hands, in common with LjCCaMK. Over all amino acid sequence identity between OsCCaMK and LjCCaMK was 70.7%. The C-terminal regions containing three EF hands were highly conserved,which potentially trap Ca ions.

2. functions of CCaMK are conserved between rice and Lotus OsCCaMK is able to drive the downstream pathway(s) required for nodule organogenesis in Lotus, but might be not completely consistent as a component of the legume CSP, which is supposed to be triggered in response to rhizobial infection.CCaMK act as a conserved component, which has retained both function and domain structure during the evolution of the RN symbiosis. In other words, CCaMK have stayed essentially the same in their functions and constitute the root of the CSP.

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Labs working on this gene

1.WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY

2.NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGROBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES JAPAN

3.BBSRC JOHN INNES CENTER

4.NANJING AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

5.HONG KONG BAPTIST UNIVERSITY

6.UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY

References

1. Banba M, Gutjahr C, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Paszkowski U, Kouchi H,Imaizumi-Anraku H. 2008. Divergence of evolutionary ways among common sym genes: CASTOR and CCaMK show functional conservation between two symbiosis systems and constitute the root of a common signaling pathway. Plant Cell Physiol. 49:1659-1671.

2. Ikeda S, Okubo T, Takeda N, Banba M, Sasaki K, Imaizumi-Anraku H,Fujihara S, Ohwaki Y, Ohshima K, Fukuta Y, Eda S, Mitsui H, Hattori M,Sato T, Shinano T, Minamisawa K. 2011. The genotype of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase gene (CCaMK) determines bacterial community diversity in rice roots under paddy and upland field conditions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77:4399-4405.

3. Hayashi T, Banba M, Shimoda Y, Kouchi H, Hayashi M, Imaizumi-Anraku H. 2010. A dominant function of CCaMK in intracellular accommodation of bacterial and fungal endosymbionts. The Plant Journal 63:141-154.

4.Zhihua Bao, Aya Watanabe, Kazuhiro Sasaki,A rice gene for microbial symbiosis, OsCCaMK, reduces CH4 flux in a paddy field with low nitrogen input,AEM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 17 January 2014.

Structured Information