Os04g0624500
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Contents
Annotated Information
Function
The Phr1 gene control oryza sativa classification. That means the phr1 gene decides Oryza sativa becoming indica rice or japonica rice. Genetically modified function complementary experiments show that oryza sativa are classified to indica rice or japonica rice by Phr1 gene. When the Phr1 gene is knockdown or over expressed in rice, the transgenic rice get different disease-resistant ability. That means the Phr1 gene can regulate plant resistance.
Asian rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars originated from wild rice and can be divided into two subspecies by several criteria, one of which is the phenol reaction (PHR) phenotype. Grains of indica cultivars turn brown in a phenol solution that accelerates a similar process that occurs during prolonged storage. By contrast, the grains of japonica do not discolor. This distinction may reflect the divergent domestication of these two subspecies. The PHR is controlled by a single gene, Phr1. The Phr1 encodes a polyphenol oxidase. The Phr1 gene is indeed responsible for the PHR phenotype, as transformation with a functional Phr1 can complement a PHR negative cultivar.[1]
Mutation
To measure the occurrence of Phr1 deficiency among rice cultivars, 35 japonica and 20 indica lines were genotyped using the molecular marker pSTS18, which specifically detects D18. All 20 indica lines examined are PHR-positive, although one line appears to be heterozygous for both the wild-type and D18 alleles.[1]
Expression
The steady state level of Phr1 mRNA was not detectable by RNA gel blot analysis; nevertheless, by RT-PCR,the Phr1 express in grains at the early flowering stage (G1) and at the mature stage (G2).The Phr1 gene appears to encode an ;62.6-kD precursor protein, which is processed into amature PPO of ;56.3 kD after removal of the NH2-terminal signal peptide. The deduced Phr1 amino acid sequence shows 68% identity to wheat PPO (GenBank AAS00454), indicating that Phr1 is a rice homolog of the wheat PPO.[1]
Evolution
In the haplotype tree, three of the four non D18-bearing haplotypes are embedded among H18 types, and each is most closely related to anotherH18 haplotype. Amore parsimonious explanation may be that these non-D18-bearing alleles were originally H18s themselves but have subsequently lost the D18 deficiency by recombination with a rice strain carrying a functional Phr1 allele.[1]
Homology
The Phr1 gene is highly similar to plant PPO genes (Cary et al., 1992; Chevalier et al., 1999; Constabel et al., 2000; Gooding et al., 2001; Demeke andMorris,2002).[2] [3][4] [5][6]The similarity in protein sequence ranges from 43 to 68%, and the highest is found with wheat PPO. In higher plants, PPOs have been proposed to be responsible for the browning of damaged kernels, fruits, or vegetables, which may be response for disease resistance (Nicolas et al., 1994; Thipyapong et al., 1995; Gooding et al., 2001; Demeke and Morris, 2002; Li and Steffens, 2002).[1]
location
The Phr1 gene was mapped to the interval between markers S100 and S115 with genetic distances of 9.3 and 8.5 centimorgan (cM) to Phr1, respectively. The breakpoints can be finely delineated. The Phr1 locus was pinpointed to an 88-kb interval between markers P80 and P168 on a single BAC clone(OSJNBa0053K19).[1]
Labs working on this gene
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310006, China
- National Center for Gene Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200002, China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Yanchun Yu,Tian Tang, Qian Qian, YonghongWang,Meixian Yan,Dali Zeng, Bin Han, Chung-IWu,Suhua Shi, and Jiayang Lia,Independent Losses of Function in a Polyphenol Oxidase in Rice: Differentiation in Grain Discoloration between Subspecies and the Role of Positive Selection under Domestication.The Plant Cell, 2008.Vol. 20: 2946–2959.
- ↑ Cary, J.W., Lax, A.R., and Flurkey, W.H. (1992). Cloning and characterization of cDNAs coding for Vicia faba polyphenol oxidase. Plant Mol. Biol. 20: 245–253.
- ↑ Chevalier, T., de Rigal, D., Mbeguie, A.M.D., Gauillard, F., RichardForget, F., and Fils-Lycaon, B.R. (1999). Molecular cloning and characterization of apricot fruit polyphenol oxidase. Plant Physiol.119: 1261–1270.
- ↑ Constabel, C.P., Yip, L., Patton, J.J., and Christopher, M.E. (2000).Polyphenol oxidase from hybrid poplar. Cloning and expression in response to wounding and herbivory. Plant Physiol. 124: 285–295.
- ↑ Gooding, P.S., Bird, C., and Robinson, S.P. (2001). Molecular cloning and characterisation of banana fruit polyphenol oxidase. Planta 213:748–757.
- ↑ Demeke, T., and Morris, F. (2002). Molecular characterization of wheat polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Theor. Appl. Genet. 104: 813–818.
